生物发酵及其应用

发酵一般指利用微生物制造工业原料或产品的过程，由微生物（细菌、酵母等）、有机物（主要是碳水化合物）、培养基等在一定的温度、pH等条件下进行。

01 生物f发酵 技术

发酵是人类最早接触的生化反应，酿酒、制酱、制醋等都是最早的发酵工艺。现代发酵技术基于多学科交叉，利用工业发酵进行大规模物质加工生产，技术应用领域已不再局限于食品饮料，延伸至医药、化妆品等领域。

发酵技术原理

The principle of biological fermentation mainly involves the metabolic process of microorganisms. Under suitable environmental conditions, microorganisms convert substrates into target products through enzyme-catalyzed reactions on substrates.

The metabolic process of microorganisms includes two modes: aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation. Aerobic respiration refers to the complete oxidation of substrates by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to produce energy and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic fermentation refers to the partial oxidation of substrates by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen or insufficient oxygen to produce products such as lactic acid, alcohol, acid, and gas.

分类 生物 发酵 技术

发酵一般有两种类型：液体发酵和固体发酵。

优点 生物 发酵 技术

生物发酵技术相较于化学方法具有可控性好、安全性高、节能、副产物少、环境污染小等优点，另外微生物的可分解性可使特殊结构的生物合成保持高度均一性，保证产品的安全性和有效性。

当前研发热点

如今，发酵技术已成为化妆品领域的应用方向和研发热点。例如SK-II魔力水添加半乳糖发酵产物滤液，兰蔻小黑瓶、雅诗兰黛小棕瓶添加双歧酵母发酵产物裂解液。越来越多的品牌和企业开始将生物发酵技术运用到产品终端，不断提升化妆品的安全性和功效性。

02 应用 生物发酵 化妆品技术

目前生物发酵技术在化妆品中的应用主要分为：真菌发酵、细菌发酵和原生生物发酵，其中真菌发酵又包括：酵母菌发酵、药用真菌发酵和海洋真菌发酵。

（1）真菌发酵

酵母发酵

酵母发酵在化妆品研发领域有着广泛的应用，含有游离氨基酸、小分子肽、维生素等丰富的活性成分，具有美白、保湿、延缓皮肤衰老、调节皮肤酸碱度、修复受损肌肤等功效。

药用真菌发酵

Medicinal fungal fermentation products are mainly taken from “medicinal and edible” fungal raw materials such as Ganoderma lucidum, Matsutake, Tremella fuciformis, etc. For example, the liquid fermentation product of Matsutake has the effect of whitening, and the fermentation product of Poria cocos is beneficial to skin care. At present, the fungal raw materials added to many cosmetics on the market are actually mainly its fermentation products.

海洋真菌发酵

海洋微生物生存环境特殊，其产生的生物活性分子通常结构新颖、功能多样，海洋真菌被公认为最有发展前景的海洋生物之一，是当前化妆品研发的重要生物来源。

（2）细菌发酵

细菌发酵产物常被用作化妆品中的天然防腐剂，还能产生新的功能性物质。研究表明，乳酸菌发酵可开发乳状面膜，达到美白、保湿、修复肌肤、舒缓肌肤等功效。海洋细菌可产生氨基酸、抗生素、维生素等活性物质。

（3）原生生物发酵

原生生物是指单细胞的真核生物，微藻作为原生生物的一种，是当前化妆品研发的重要生物来源，例如微藻中的螺旋藻不仅具有良好的抗氧化特性，还能通过双重机制抑制黑色素的合成。

1. 质量传递和混合

The mass transfer process is the process of material transfer. In the biological fermentation process, the mass transfer activity is carried out simultaneously with the biological reaction. The main mass transfer processes are divided into gas-liquid absorption and liquid mass transfer.

Good mass transfer can ensure the necessary oxygen, nutrients and metabolites for the culture and development of microorganisms and cells. The volume dissolved oxygen coefficient is the most important factor affecting mass transfer, but due to the complex flow field in the biological fermentation tank and the many influencing factors, the volume dissolved oxygen coefficient analysis is more difficult.

Another key parameter that directly affects the process scale-up of the biological fermentation tank is the mixing process. Common biological fermentation reaction mixing includes liquid-liquid mixing, solid-liquid mixing, gas-liquid mixing and gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixing.

Since the increase in the volume of the fermentation tank and the increase in fermentation products and raw materials directly lead to uneven mixing in the tank, scientifically increasing the mixing of various substances in the fermentation tank can improve the efficiency of biological fermentation.

2. 剪切

The traditional view is that increasing the stirring rate of the bio-fermentation tank can enhance the mass transfer and mixing of the fermentation process. However, with in-depth research, it is found that excessive shear force on the bio-fermentation target will damage microorganisms and cells.

For example, in the microbial fermentation system, excessive shear force will damage the growth of bacteria; too low shear force is not conducive to bubble breakage and affects the efficiency of air transmission.

如何科学地提高发酵罐内各种物质的混合度以及控制剪切应力在微生物和细胞可接受的范围内是发酵放大过程中的重要因素。

3. 传播热量

温度也是生物发酵过程中的重要因素，生物发酵罐的温度控制主要通过夹套层进行，但随着大型生物发酵罐体积的增大，单位面积受热面积变小，因此传热效率将直接影响生物发酵目标的生产效率。

4. 其他因素

生物发酵罐放大过程中还有其他因素会影响发酵过程，例如生物发酵补气、补料速度以及进料口的设置等参数都会影响发酵过程。

联系我们：

地址：6848# 上海市嘉定区留香路

联系人: 麦迪

邮箱：sales@fermentertech.com

电话：+86-134-7276-8163（WhatsApp）

网址：https://bioreactortech.com/